However, selection and retrieval demands vary based on the nature of specific tasks, sentence structures, and word combinations. Fluent language requires the ability to meet word retrieval (recalling task-appropriate words) and selection (selecting a subset of retrieved words to speak) demands when speaking. In contrast to cognitive control tasks that require inhibition of single prepotent exemplars, language tasks are frequently underdetermined, multiple responses might be appropriate ( Snyder et al., 2014). Overall, our results suggest a link between the network integrating role of the LIFG and selection and the overall semantic demands of sentence completion.Įffective language production requires cognitive control: the mental processes that support flexible, contextually driven thought and action ( Snyder et al., 2011).
In contrast, modal controllability was not linked to performance on the tasks or TMS effects. Boundary controllability was linked to selection and to the ability of TMS to reduce response latencies on the sentence completion task. In contrast, we expected that modal controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to drive the brain into specifically hard-to-reach states, would be linked to retrieval on the low-context verb generation task.
We predicted that boundary controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to integrate and segregate brain networks, would be linked to word selection in the contextually-rich sentence completion task. We tested whether the controllability of the left IFG moderated language selection and retrieval costs and the effects of continuous θ burst stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on behavior in 41 human subjects (25 active, 16 sham). Specifically, we examined whether two properties of node controllability, boundary and modal controllability, were linked to semantic selection and retrieval on sentence completion and verb generation tasks. Here, we test a link between whole-brain theories of semantics and the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in controlled language performance using network control theory (NCT), a branch of systems engineering.
Recent work has combined cognitive neuroscience and control theory to make predictions about cognitive control functions.
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